
文章目录
5.5 ABP分布式服务 – ASPNET Core集成OData
5.5.1 简介
开放数据协议(Open Data Protocol,缩写OData)是一种描述如何创建和访问Restful服务。你可以在Abp中使用OData,只需要通过Nuget来安装Abp.AspNetCore.OData.
5.5.2 安装
1. 使用Nuget安装
首先应该使用Nuget安装Abp.AspNetCore.OData到Web.Core项目:
Install-Package Abp.AspNetCore.OData
2. 配置依赖模块
将AbpWebApiODataModule添加到被依赖的模块上,如下所示:
[DependsOn(typeof(AbpAspNetCoreODataModule))] public class MyProjectWebCoreModule : AbpModule { ... }
了解模块依赖请参考模块系统
3. 配置实体
为了使实体能够作为一个OData源,我们应该在Startup类中对实体进行OData配置。如下所示:
public class Startup { public IServiceProvider ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services) { ... services.AddOData(); // Workaround: https://github.com/OData/WebApi/issues/1177 services.AddMvcCore(options => { foreach (var outputFormatter in options.OutputFormatters.OfType<ODataOutputFormatter>().Where(_ => _.SupportedMediaTypes.Count == 0)) { outputFormatter.SupportedMediaTypes.Add(new MediaTypeHeaderValue("application/prs.odatatestxx-odata")); } foreach (var inputFormatter in options.InputFormatters.OfType<ODataInputFormatter>().Where(_ => _.SupportedMediaTypes.Count == 0)) { inputFormatter.SupportedMediaTypes.Add(new MediaTypeHeaderValue("application/prs.odatatestxx-odata")); } }); return services.AddAbp<MyProjectWebHostModule>(...); } public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env, ILoggerFactory loggerFactory) { app.UseAbp(); ... app.UseOData(builder => { builder.EntitySet<Person>("Persons").EntityType.Expand().Filter().OrderBy().Page(); }); // 从控制器中返回 IQueryable app.UseUnitOfWork(options => { options.Filter = httpContext => { return httpContext.Request.Path.Value.StartsWith("/odata"); }; }); app.UseMvc(routes => { routes.MapODataServiceRoute(app); ... }); } }
在这里,我们得到了ODataModelBuilder的引用并且配置了Person实体。你可以使用 EntitySet 方法,以类似的方式添加其他实体。更多信息请参考OData文档。
4. 创建控制器
在 Abp.AspNetCore.OData 中包含了基类:AbpODataEntityController(扩展自标准的ODataController),为了能够更容易的创建你自己的控制器,你应该继承该基类。如下所示:
public class PersonsController : AbpODataEntityController<Person>, ITransientDependency { public PersonsController(IRepository<Person> repository) : base(repository) { } }
AbpODataEntityController 中的所有方法都是virtual,所以你可以重写 Get, Post, Put, Patch, Delete 和其它的Actions来实现你自己的逻辑。
6. 配置
Abp.AspNetCore.OData 使用约定的配置自动的调用IRouteBuilder.MapODataServiceRoute方法。如果你需要,你可以设置Configuration.Modules.AbpAspNetCoreOData().MapAction 来映射你自己的OData路由。
5.5.3 示例
这里有一些请求上面已定义的Controller的示例。假设你的应用的URL是:http://localhost:21021。下面将展示一些基础的例子。
1. 获取实体列表
取得所有的people。
Request
GET http://localhost:21021/odata/Persons
Response
{ "@odata.context":"http://localhost:21021/odata/$metadata#Persons","value":[ { "Name":"Douglas Adams","IsDeleted":false,"DeleterUserId":null,"DeletionTime":null,"LastModificationTime":null,"LastModifierUserId":null,"CreationTime":"2015-11-07T20:12:39.363+03:00","CreatorUserId":null,"Id":1 },{ "Name":"John Nash","IsDeleted":false,"DeleterUserId":null,"DeletionTime":null,"LastModificationTime":null,"LastModifierUserId":null,"CreationTime":"2015-11-07T20:12:39.363+03:00","CreatorUserId":null,"Id":2 } ] }
2. 获取单个实体
根据Id = 2来获取person
Request
GET http://localhost:21021/odata/Persons(2)
Response
{ "@odata.context":"http://localhost:21021/odata/$metadata#Persons/$entity","Name":"John Nash","IsDeleted":false,"DeleterUserId":null,"DeletionTime":null,"LastModificationTime":null,"LastModifierUserId":null,"CreationTime":"2015-11-07T20:12:39.363+03:00","CreatorUserId":null,"Id":2 }
3. 根据导航属性获取单个实体
根据Id = 1来获取person并且包括他的电话信息
Request
GET http://localhost:21021/odata/Persons(1)?$expand=Phones
Response
{ "@odata.context":"http://localhost:21021/odata/$metadata#Persons/$entity","Name":"Douglas Adams","IsDeleted":false,"DeleterUserId":null,"DeletionTime":null,"LastModificationTime":null,"LastModifierUserId":null,"CreationTime":"2015-11-07T20:12:39.363+03:00","CreatorUserId":null,"Id":1,"Phones":[ { "PersonId":1,"Type":"Mobile","Number":"4242424242","CreationTime":"2015-11-07T20:12:39.363+03:00","CreatorUserId":null,"Id":1 },{ "PersonId":1,"Type":"Mobile","Number":"2424242424","CreationTime":"2015-11-07T20:12:39.363+03:00","CreatorUserId":null,"Id":2 } ] }
4. 查询
在这里我们将使用一个高级查询,在过滤,排序后取得排在最前面的2条数据。
Request
GET http://localhost:21021/odata/Persons?$filter=Name eq 'Douglas Adams'&$orderby=CreationTime&$top=2
Response
{ "@odata.context":"http://localhost:21021/odata/$metadata#Persons","value":[ { "Name":"Douglas Adams","IsDeleted":false,"DeleterUserId":null,"DeletionTime":null,"LastModificationTime":null,"LastModifierUserId":null,"CreationTime":"2015-11-07T20:12:39.363+03:00","CreatorUserId":null,"Id":1 } ] }
OData支持分页,排序,过滤,投影功能等等;详细请查看OData网站。
5. 创建新实体
我们会创建一个新的person实体,示例如下:
Request
POST http://localhost:21021/odata/Persons { Name: "Galileo Galilei" }
注意:”Content_Type” 头的值是 “application/json”
Response
{ "@odata.context": "http://localhost:21021/odata/$metadata#Persons/$entity", "Name": "Galileo Galilei", "IsDeleted": false, "DeleterUserId": null, "DeletionTime": null, "LastModificationTime": null, "LastModifierUserId": null, "CreationTime": "2016-01-12T20:36:04.1628263+02:00", "CreatorUserId": null, "Id": 4 }
如果我们再次获取一次实体列表,我们会看到新增的person;我们也可以更新或者删除一个已经存在的实体,这正是OData协议所支持的。
6. 获取元数据
我们可以获取一个实体的元数据,如下所示:
Request
GET http://localhost:21021/odata/$metadata
Response
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <edmx:Edmx Version="4.0" xmlns:edmx="http://docs.oasis-open.org/odata/ns/edmx"> <edmx:DataServices> <Schema Namespace="AbpODataDemo.People" xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/odata/ns/edm"> <EntityType Name="Person"> <Key> <PropertyRef Name="Id" /> </Key> <Property Name="Name" Type="Edm.String" Nullable="false" /> <Property Name="IsDeleted" Type="Edm.Boolean" Nullable="false" /> <Property Name="DeleterUserId" Type="Edm.Int64" /> <Property Name="DeletionTime" Type="Edm.DateTimeOffset" /> <Property Name="LastModificationTime" Type="Edm.DateTimeOffset" /> <Property Name="LastModifierUserId" Type="Edm.Int64" /> <Property Name="CreationTime" Type="Edm.DateTimeOffset" Nullable="false" /> <Property Name="CreatorUserId" Type="Edm.Int64" /> <Property Name="Id" Type="Edm.Int32" Nullable="false" /> <NavigationProperty Name="Phones" Type="Collection(AbpODataDemo.People.Phone)" /> </EntityType> <EntityType Name="Phone"> <Key> <PropertyRef Name="Id" /> </Key> <Property Name="PersonId" Type="Edm.Int32" /> <Property Name="Type" Type="AbpODataDemo.People.PhoneType" Nullable="false" /> <Property Name="Number" Type="Edm.String" Nullable="false" /> <Property Name="CreationTime" Type="Edm.DateTimeOffset" Nullable="false" /> <Property Name="CreatorUserId" Type="Edm.Int64" /> <Property Name="Id" Type="Edm.Int32" Nullable="false" /> <NavigationProperty Name="Person" Type="AbpODataDemo.People.Person"> <ReferentialConstraint Property="PersonId" ReferencedProperty="Id" /> </NavigationProperty> </EntityType> <EnumType Name="PhoneType"> <Member Name="Unknown" Value="0" /> <Member Name="Mobile" Value="1" /> <Member Name="Home" Value="2" /> <Member Name="Office" Value="3" /> </EnumType> </Schema> <Schema Namespace="Default" xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/odata/ns/edm"> <EntityContainer Name="Container"> <EntitySet Name="Persons" EntityType="AbpODataDemo.People.Person" /> </EntityContainer> </Schema> </edmx:DataServices> </edmx:Edmx>
元数据被用来服务审查。
5.5.4 示例项目
你可以从这里获得示例项目的代码:: https://github.com/aspnetboilerplate/sample-odata